〔Abstract〕 Objective To investigate the effect of anti human epidermal growthfactor receptor 2 (HER2) targeted treatment on the prognosis of breast cancer patients. Methods Eighty cases of breast cancer patients admitted to the breast department of Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2021 to February 2022 were retrospectively selected. According to the different treatment methods, they were divided into conventional chemotherapy group and anti HER2 targeted treatment group (conventional chemotherapy + anti HER2 targeted treatment), with 40 cases in each group. The clinical efficacy, pain level, hand function, upper limb function, negative emotional status, quality of life, shoulder joint mobility, and incidence of adverse reactions between two groups of patients were compared. Results The objective remission rate of patients in the anti HER2 targeted treatment group was higher than that in the conventional chemotherapy group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). After treatment, the scores of visual analogue scale (VAS), disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand scale (DASH), hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) in the anti HER2 targeted treatment group were lower than those in the conventional chemotherapy group, while the scores of breast cancer quality of life scale, shortened version of the test evaluation functional (STEF) and shoulder joint activity were higher than those in the conventional chemotherapy group, with statistical significance (P < 0.05). The total incidence of adverse reactions in the anti HER2 targeted treatment group was lower than that in the conventional chemotherapy group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion Anti HER2 targeted treatment for breast cancer can effectively improve the prognosis of patients, improve the clinical efficacy, improve the quality of life of patients, and has high safety.