〔Abstract〕 Objective To explore the practical application effect of psychological intervention-oriented nursing strategy in pneumoconiosis patients, especially its impact on patients' psychological resilience and overall rehabilitation effect. Methods Convenience sampling was used to select a total of 139 pneumoconiosis patients admitted to Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases from January 2020 to June 2023. According to the different nursing methods received, they were divided into a control group (69 cases) and an observation group (70 cases). The control group received routine care, while the observation group received psychological intervention in addition to routine care. The differences in psychological resilience, emotional state, lung function, dyspnea score, quality of life and hospitalization between the two groups before and after intervention were compared. Results After the intervention, the score of Connor–Davidson resilience Scale (CD-RISC) in both groups were significantly increased, and the the scores of the observation group was higher than that of the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). After intervention, the pulmonary function indexes of the observation group were better than those of the control group, the difference were statistically significant (P < 0.05). After the intervention, the score of St. George's Respiratory questionnaire (SGRQ) in both groups decreased, and the SGRQ score in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group, with statistical significance (P < 0.05). After intervention, the Borg dyspnea score was decreased in both groups,and the score of the observation group was lower than than of the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the patient’s hospital stays of the observation group was shorter, and the rate of adverse events and rehospitalization were all lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Nursing strategies dominated by psychological intervention can enhance the psychological elasticity of pneumoconiosis patients, relieve these patients’ bad mood effectively, promote the rehabilitation effect of them, and significantly improve their quality of life.