〔Abstract〕 Objective To explore the effect of levonorgestrel intrauterine birth control system and dydrogesterone tablet in preventing postoperative recurrence in patients undergoing hysteroscopic electroresection of endometrial polyps. Methods A total of 90 patients with endometrial polyps admitted to Haining People's Hospital from September 2021 to August 2022 were selected and divided into three groups according to random number table method. Thirty cases in the control group were treated with hysteroscopic electroresection of endometrial polyps alone; thirty cases in the levonorgestrel intrauterine birth control system group were treated with levonorgestrel intrauterine birth control system on the basis of the control group; thirty cases in the dydrogesterone group were treated with dydrogesterone tablet orally on the basis of the control group. After 12 months of follow-up, the endometrial thickness, menstrual volume and duration, postoperative recurrence rate of the three groups were compared. Results After 3, 6 and 12 months of treatment, the endometrial thickness of the levonorgestrel intrauterine birth control system group and the dydrogesterone group were lower than those of the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). After 3, 6 and 12 months of treatment, the menstrual volume in the levonorgestrel intrauterine birth control system group and the dydrogesterone group were lower than those in the control group, and the menstrual duration were shorter than those in the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). During the follow-up period of 12 months, the postoperative recurrence rate of the levonorgestrel intrauterine birth control system group and the dydrogesterone group were lower than those of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the above indexes between the levonorgestrel intrauterine birth control system group and the dydrogesterone group (P > 0.05). Conclusion After hysteroscopic electroresection of endometrial polyps, levonorgestrel intrauterine birth control system or oral dydrogesterone tablet can effectively reduce endometrial thickness and postoperative recurrence rate, reduce menstrual volume and shorten menstrual duration.