〔Abstract〕 Objective To investigate the clinical effect of oral prosthesis in the treatment of congenital missing teeth. Methods Sixty patients with congenital missing teeth loss treated in the 7th People's Hospital of Zhengzhou from January 2020 to February 2023 were selected and divided into a control group and an observation group according to random number table method, with 30 cases in each group. The control group was given orthodontic treatment, and the observation group was given oral prosthesis treatment. The clinical efficacy, masticatory function recovery, speech function recovery and satisfaction of the two groups were compared. Results The total effective rate of the observation group was 93.33%, which was higher than that of the control group (73.33%), the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). After 1 month of treatment, the masticatory ability score of the observation group was higher than that of the control group, and the recovery time of masticatory function was shorter than that of the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). After 1 month of treatment, the language ability score of the observation group was higher than that of the control group, and the recovery time of language function was shorter than that of the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The satisfaction of patients in the observation group was 96.67%, higher than that in the control group (73.33%), and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion Oral prosthesis therapy can effectively improve the clinical efficacy of patients with congenital missing teeth, promote the recovery of chewing ability and language ability, and improve patients' satisfaction with treatment.