〔Abstract〕 Objective To explore the relationship between self-efficacy and frailty in patients with mild stroke. Methods A total of 298 patients with mild stroke who were treated in Shanxi lncaier General Hospital from August 2022 to December 2022 were selected as the study objects. Patients' age, sex, body mass index (BMI), educational level, personal history, concomitant diseases, marital status, family income, living style, expense payment method, self-efficacy, fallow state, National Institutes of Health stroke scale (NIHSS) score on admission, stroke classification and other data were recorded. The frailty grade and incidence of frailty state in patients with different self-efficacy were observed. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between selfefficacy and frailty state after removing the influence of covariables. Results With the increase of self-efficacy, patients' faltering status grade decreased gradually (F = 35.032, P < 0.001). The incidence of frailty in patients with high self-efficacy was lower than that in patients with moderate self-efficacy and low self-efficacy, and the incidence of frailty in patients with moderate self-efficacy was lower than that in patients with low self-efficacy, with statistical significance (P < 0.05). Multiariable logistic regression analysis showed that after removing the influence of covariates, moderate self-efficacy and high self-efficacy were both protective factors for frailty (P < 0.05). The covariate analysis showed that age ≥ 60 years old and non-living alone were risk factors for frailty (P < 0.05), and education ≥ college degree was a protective factor for frailty (P < 0.05). Conclusion Self-efficacy is a protective factor for the frailty of patients with mild stroke. Adopting active intervention measures to improve self-efficacy is an effective means to reduce frailty and improve prognosis of patients with mild stroke.