〔Abstract〕 Objective To investigate the mental resilience of pneumoconiosis patients and its influencing factors. Methods A total of 100 cases of pneumoconiosis patients admitted to Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases from January 2021 to December 2023 were selected as the study objects. General data of the patients were collected and the psychological resilience scale (CD-RISC) was applied to assess the psychological resilience of the patients. The factors influencing the mental resilience of pneumoconiosis patients were analyzed by multiple linear regression. Results The resilience score of CD-RISC in 100 patients with pneumoconiosis in this study was (25.41 ± 3.15) points, the self-improvement score was (14.12 ± 2.41) points, and the optimism score was (7.12 ± 1.36) points. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that age, disease stage, duration of pneumoconiosis, monthly family income, human characteristics, social support, coping style and complications all affected the total score of CD-RISC (P < 0.05). Conclusion The psychological resilience of patients with pneumoconiosis in Shenzhen city is at a moderate or lower level. Age, disease stage, course of pneumoconiosis, monthly family income, human characteristics, social support, coping style, and complications of patients are all related factors affecting psychological resilience. Based on the above indicators, reasonable intervention measures can more effectively improve the psychological resilience of patients.