〔Abstract〕 Objective To explore the clinical significance of autoimmune antibody detection in patients with abnormal liver function. Methods A total of 478 patients with abnormal liver function who were admitted to Sanmenxia Central Hospital from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2021 were selected as the study objects, and liver function related indexes of all patients were examined. Anti-nuclear antibody (ANA), anti-double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid antibody (dsDNA), anti-U1RNP /Sm antibody (U1RNP/Sm), anti-SSA /Ro antibody (SSA/Ro), anti-SSB /La antibody (SSB/La), anti-Jo-1 antibody (Jo-1) and anti-ScI-70 antibody (ScI-70), anti-rRNP antibody (rRNP), anti-CENP antibody (CENP), anti-phospholipid antibody (APL), anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA), rheumatoid factor (RA), anti-cyclic citrulline polypeptide antibody (CCP), anti-keratin antibody (AKA), and human leukocyte antigen B27 (HLA-B27) were detected by Western blot. To analyze the detection of autoantibodies in patients with different liver diseases, and explore the relationship between the number of positive autoantibodies and liver function abnormalities in patients with a clear cause, and the relationship between the number of autoantibodies and liver function in patients with no clear cause. Results ANA was the main autoimmune antibody in patients with liver dysfunction with obvious etiology. The levels of ALT, AST, TBIL and ALP in patients with three or more autoimmune positive antibodies were significantly higher than those in patients with no autoantibodies and one positive autoantibody, the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The number of positive autoantibodies in patients with no clear cause was positively correlated with ALT and AST levels (r_ALT = 0.321，r_AST = 0.347, P < 0.001), but had no significant correlation with TBIL and ALP levels (r_TBIL = 0.301，r_ALP = 0.298, P > 0.05). Conclusion Patients with abnormal liver function may still have positive autoimmune antibodies, and the number of positive autoantibodies in patients is correlated with liver function indicators regardless of whether there is a clear cause.