〔Abstract〕 Objective To investigate the significance and influencing factors of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in postoperative glaucoma filtration vesicle scarring. Methods Eighty glaucoma patients admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Luohe Medical College from June 2021 to June 2023 were selected as the study subjects, all patients were treated with glaucomatous trabeculectomy, all patients were followed up for 4 months, 23 patients with postoperative filtration vesicle scarring were included in the filtration vesicle scarring group, and 57 patients who did not have postoperative filtration vesicle scarring were included in the non filtered vesicle scarring group, the levels of TGFβ and MMP-2 of patients were compared in the two groups, and the correlation between TGFβ and MMP-2 and the occurrence of postoperative filtered vesicle scarring in glaucoma was analyzed by Pearson test. The clinical general data of the two groups of patients were compared, and the influencing factors of the occurrence of filtered vesicle scarring were analyzed by logistic regression model. Results The serum levels of TGFβ and MMP-2 in the filtered vesicle scarring group were significantly higher than those in the non-filtered vesicle scarring group, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Pearson analysis results showed that the levels of TGFβ and MMP-2 were positively correlated with the occurrence of postoperative filtered vesicle scarring in glaucoma (r = 0.49, P < 0.05; r = 0.54, P < 0.05). The comparison of preoperative intraocular pressure, crystalline lens thickness, and postoperative complications of filtration vesicle leakage between the two groups showed statistically significant differences (P < 0.05), and the filtration vesicle leakage, TGFβ, and MMP-2 were the influencing factors for the occurrence of postoperative filtration vesicle scarring (P < 0.05). Conclusion TGFβ and MMP-2 levels were significantly correlated with the occurrence of postoperative filtration vesicle scarring in glaucoma, and postoperative concurrent filtration vesicle leakage, TGFβ and MMP-2 levels could influence the occurrence of postoperative filtration vesicle scarring in glaucoma.