〔Abstract〕 Objective To search molecular mechanism of Oroxyli Semen in Treating pharyngitis. Methods The traditional chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform (TCMSP) and Genecards database Online Mendelian Inheritance of Man (OMIM) database system were used to screen out potential chemically active substances and the targets related to human pharyngitis separately; Then, the network of active substances and disease targets was pictured through Cytoscape. protein– protein interaction (PPI) core genes was calculated by String database platform; Perform gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis was analysis by Metascape database. Results After screening, many key chemical components in Oroxyli Semen might be effective for pharyngitis treatment through cellular tumor antigen p53 (TP53), AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT1), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-6 (IL-6) , prostaglandinendoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), caspase 3 (CASP3), interleukin 1 beta (IL–1β), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), myelocytomatosis oncogene (MYC), matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9) namely quercetin, wogonin, beta-sitosterol, baicalein, Stigmasterol, aloe-emodin, ellagic acid etc. KEGG enrichment analysis results include Pathways in cancer, Human cytomegalovirus infection, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, et al. Conclusion Oroxyli Semen can treat pharyngitis through the complex action mechanism of multiple active ingredients, multiple targets and multiple pathways, and at the same time, it may prevent pharyngitis diseases from transforming into more serious pharyngeal diseases through anti-tumour mechanisms. This study provides a theoretical basis for the treatment of pharyngitis disease by Oroxyli Semen.