〔Abstract〕 Objective To study the relationship between amplitude integrated electroencephalogram (aEEG) characteristics and neurological function in full-term neonates with brain injury. Methods A total of 43 full-term neonates with brain injury who were treated in Yellow River Sanmenxia Hospital from January 2020 to December 2021 were selected and defined as the observation group. At the same time, 43 healthy full-term neonates born during the same period were selected as the control group. Both groups received aEEG examination, and neurological function was assessed using the neonatal behavioral neurological assessment (NBNA) and the Bayley scales of infant and toddler development (BSID). Results The overall abnormal rate of aEEG in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The NBNA score, mental development index (MDI) score and psychomotor development index (PDI) score in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The NBNA, MDI, and PDI scores of newborns in the mild and severe abnormal groups were lower than those in the normal group, and the NBNA, MDI, and PDI scores in the severe abnormal group were lower than those in the mild abnormal group, with statistical significances (P < 0.05). According to Spearman rank correlation analysis, aEEG is positively correlated with NBNA score (r_s = 0.415, P < 0.05), aEEG is positively correlated with MDI score (r_s = 0.462, P < 0.05), and aEEG is positively correlated with PDI score (r_s = 0.502, P < 0.05). Conclusion The abnormal rate of aEEG in full-term newborns with brain injury is higher, mainly manifested as abnormal amplitude, loss of sleep cycle, abnormal discharge, and closely related to the neurological function of the child.