〔Abstract〕 Objective To compare the effect of different catheterized pleural cavity closed drainage on spontaneous pneumothorax. Methods A total of 90 patients with spontaneous pneumothorax admitted to Xinxiang First People's Hospital from September 2018 to September 2023 were selected as the research objects, and divided into three groups, namely, central venous catheter group, thoracic drainage catheter group and three-chamber balloon catheter group, with 30 cases in each group. All patients were treated with pleural catheter closed drainage, and the three groups had central venous catheter, thoracic chamber and three-chamber balloon catheter for drainage. The clinical efficacy of the three groups were compared, including the incidence of pain during catheterization, blood loss during catheterization, secondary catheterization rate and adjustment rate of drainage tube, the average incision size, lung reconstruction time, catheterization time, hospital stay time, postoperative pain degree, and the occurrence of postoperative complications. Results The total effective rate of the thoracic drainage catheter and the three-chamber balloon catheter group was higher than that of the central venous catheter group; The incidence of pain, secondary catheterization rate, adjusted drainage rate and the amount of bleeding in the central venous catheter group and the three-chamber balloon catheter group were significantly lower than those of the thoracic drainage catheter group; The mean incision size of patients in the central venous catheter group was significantly shorter than the three-chamber balloon catheter group and the thoracic drainage catheter group, and the three-chambe balloon catheter group was shorter than the thoracic drainage catheter group; postoperative 1 d, 3 d and 5 d, the visual analogue scales (VAS) of patients in the central venous catheter group were significantly lower than those in the thoracic drainage catheter group. The incidence of incision infection, pulmonary edema / subcutaneous emphysema and pleural reaction in the central venous catheter group and the three-chamber balloon catheter group was significantly lower than that in the thoracic drainage catheter group. The differences were all statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion Take thoracic drainage catheter and three-chamber balloon catheter for pleural cavity tube closed drainage treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax is better than the central venous catheter, and the application of central venous catheter and three cavity balloon catheter patients with straight pain rate is low, can reduce secondary catheterization rate, low trauma, reduce the degree of postoperative pain, reduce the incidence of complications.