〔Abstract〕 Objective To analyze the efficacy of transvaginal ultrasonography in diagnosing endometrial polyps (EP) in infertile patients. Methods The ultrasound and related clinical data of 126 infertile patients in the Affiliated Hospital of Putian University from March 2020 to May 2023 were retrospective analyzed. Using histological pathologic diagnosis as the gold standard, the comparasion was made between the results of transvaginal ultrasound and hysteroscopy, and the diagnostic efficacy of transvaginal ultrasound for EP was evaluated by consistency analysis at the same time. Results The results of transvaginal ultrasound examination indicated 55 cases of endometrial polyps, of which 44 cases were confirmed as EP by the gold standard of pathological results, and 11 cases were misdiagnosed. 71 cases of non-EP were diagnosed by transvaginal ultrasound, of which 63 cases were confirmed as non-EP cases and 8 cases were missed. The Youden index for the diagnosis of EP by transvaginal ultrasound was 0.6976, and the κ value of consistency with histopathology was 0.6916, while the hysteroscopy was 0.6107 and 0.5987, respectively. Conclusion Transvaginal ultrasound has higher consistency with histopathological examination, which can better screen out suspected EP patients in infertile population, and increase the chance of successful pregnancy in infertile patients.