〔Abstract〕 Objective To investigate the growth, development, and nutritional status of primary and secondary school students in Anxi area, and provide a basis for health care strategies in Anxi area. Methods Based on the physical examination data of primary and secondary school students in Anxi area in 2022, two primary, middle, and high schools were randomly selected from a cluster, with a total of 9013 students as the research subjects. Their height, body weight, and nutritional status were statistically analyzed. Results The average height of boys aged 7 to 16 in Anxi area was (154.3 ± 17.0) cm, and that of girls was (150.3 ± 12.8) cm; The average body weight of male students was (47.4 ± 16.5) kg, and that of female students was (42.8 ± 12.5) kg, which were significantly higher than the national norm, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The incidence rates of malnutrition, obesity, and overweight in male students were 12.0%, 12.5%, and 16.6%, respectively, while those in female students were 10.1%, 6.8%, and 7.7%, respectively. The incidence rates in male students were higher than those in female students; The incidence rates of malnutrition, obesity, and overweight in primary school students were 12.3%, 13.1%, and 14.5%, respectively, while those in middle school students were 10.3%, 7.5%, and 12.9%, respectively. The incidence rates in primary school students were higher than those in middle school students, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion The average height and weight of primary and secondary school students in Anxi area are higher than those of the national level, and male obesity and overweight are prominent issues. Schools and relevant departments should pay attention to them and take corresponding intervention measures in a timely manner to control and reduce the incidence of obesity.