〔Abstract〕 Objective To investigate the effect of intravenous nutrition on early quality of life of premature infants with low birth weight in neonatal intensive care unit. Methods Ninety-nine preterm infants with low birth weight admitted to Fuzhou Second General Hospital from July 2018 to June 2021 were selected as clinical study objects, and were divided into conventional nutrition group (49 cases) and intravenous nutrition group (50 cases) according to odd-even method. Biochemical indexes, occurrence of adverse reactions, quality of life and clinical survival rate were compared between the two groups. Results 72 hours after birth, blood glucose, bilirubin, triacylglycerol and serum creatinine in the intravenous nutrition group were higher than those in the conventional nutrition group, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P > 0.05). The scores of Apgar in the intravenous nutrition group were higher than those in the conventional nutrition group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in clinical survival rate between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion Intravenous nutrition can significantly improve the early quality of life of premature infants with low birth weight and improve the clinical treatment effect.