〔Abstract〕 As one of the tissues with the worst regeneration ability, the repair after nerve injury is a major problem in clinical. A large number of experimental and clinical studies have shown that electroacupuncture has a satisfactory effect on the recovery of motor and sensory functions after peripheral nerve damage. By consulting a large number of literatures, this paper reviews the research on the mechanism of electroacupuncture in the treatment of peripheral nerve injury (PNI) in recent years. It is found that electroacupuncture mainly promotes nerve regeneration by promoting Schwann cell regeneration and differentiation, promoting vascular reconstruction, inhibiting denervated muscle atrophy and reducing inflammatory response.