〔Abstract〕 Objective To analyze and compare the therapeutic effects of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) and intermittent hemodialysis (IHD) on patients with severe acute renal failure in the intensive care unit (ICU). Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 104 ICU patients with severe acute renal failure admitted to The Affiliated Hospital of Putian University from May 2021 to May 2023. They were divided into a control group and an observation group according to different treatment measures. Among them, 50 patients who received IHD therapy were included in the control group, and 54 patients who received CRRT therapy were included in the observation group, all of whom continued treatment for 2 weeks. The clinical efficacy, renal function indicators, hemodynamic parameters, and inflammatory factor levels between two groups of patients were compared. Results The clinical total efficiency of the observation group was higher than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). After treatment, the levels of serum creatinine (Scr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, with statistical significance (P < 0.05). After treatment, the mean arterial pressure (MAP) and cardiac index (CI) of the observation group were higher than those of the control group, while the heart rate (HR) was lower than that of the control group, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). After treatment, the serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) of the observation group were all lower than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion Compared with IHD therapy, CRRT therapy is more effective in improving renal function, stabilizing body hemodynamics, and controlling inflammatory response in ICU patients with severe acute renal failure. It has certain practical value.