〔Abstract〕 Objective To explore the relationship between traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and anxiety, depression and cognitive dysfunction. Methods A total of 100 AD patients admitted to Nanyang Hospital from March 2018 to March 2022 were selected. According to the diagnostic criteria of TCM syndromes, they were divided into kidney essence deficiency syndrome, blood stasis obstruction syndrome and phlegm turidity obstruction syndrome. Behavioral assessment of the patients were performed using the mini–mental state examination (MMSE), the activity of daily living scale (ADL), the Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA), the Hamilton depression Scale (HAMD) and the Pittsburgh sleep quality Index (PSQI). Results Among the 100 AD patients included, 48 were mainly due to kidney essence deficiency syndrome, accounting for the total 48.00% of the number. It was followed by 34 cases (34.00 %) of syndrome of blood stasis obstruction and 18 cases (18.00 %) of syndrome of phlegm turbidity obstruction. The proportion of patients with cognitive dysfunction in kidney essence deficiency syndrome group was significantly higher than that in phlegm turbidity obstruction syndrome group and blood stasis obstruction syndrome group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P < 0.05). The proportion of patients with anxiety and sleep disorder in phlegm turidity obstruction syndrome group was significantly higher than that in blood stasis obstruction syndrome and kidney essence deficiency syndrome, and the differences were statistically significant ( P < 0.05). The proportion of patients with anxiety in the blood stasis obstruction syndrome group was higher than that in the kidney essence deficiency syndrome group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05). Conclusion The syndrome of kidney essence deficiency is prone to cognitive dysfunction, and the syndrome of phlegm turidity obstruction and blood stasis obstruction are prone to anxiety. The clinical use of psychopsychological assessment to assist the TCM syndrome differentiation of AD patients may provide certain reference value for the personalized treatment of the disease.