〔Abstract〕 Objective To analyze the value of serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipid transport protein (NGAL), cystatin C (Cys-C) and urinary retinol-binding protein (RBP) in the diagnosis of early renal injury. Methods 47 patients with early renal injury treated in Guangdong Province Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital from May 2021 to August 2022 were selected as an observation group, and 40 healthy subjects in the same period were selected as a control group. The levels of serum NGAL, Cys-C and RBP were compared between the two groups, the diagnostic value of each index was analyzed, and the correlation between renal injury grade and NGAL, Cys-C, RBP was analyzed. Results The levels of serum NGAL, Cys-C and RBP in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group. The abnormal rates of NGAL, Cys-C and RBP in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between NGAL, Cys-C, RBP and the grade of renal injury by Spearman correlation analysis (r = 0.759, 0.683, 0.711, P < 0.05). Conclusion The levels of NGAL, Cys-C and RBP in patients with early renal injury will be significantly increased. The combined detection of the three indexes plays a guiding role in the diagnosis and treatment of early renal injury.