〔Abstract〕 Objective To study the efficacy and impact of citicoline capsules on cognitive function in patients with vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). Methods 80 VCI patients admitted to Zhengzhou Central Hospital from January 2016 to December 2021 were selected as the study subjects and randomly divided into a control group and an observation group, with 40 patients in each group. On the basis of oral antiplatelet drug aspirin to prevent cardiovascular events and cerebrovascular events, oral lipid-lowering drug Atorvastatin to prevent cardiovascular events, lifestyle intervention, cognitive training, psychotherapy, emotional relief and improvement of cognitive function, the control group took placebo and the observation group took citicoline capsules. The treatment effectiveness, cognitive function, and quality of life were compared between the two groups of patients. Results The effective rate of treatment in the observation group was higher than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). After 8 and 16 weeks of treatment, the cognitive function scores and quality of life scores of the observation group were higher than those of the control group, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). Conclusion Oral citicoline capsules can effectively improve cognitive function, treatment effectiveness, and quality of life in VCI patients.