〔Abstract〕 Alpinia oxyphylla is Alpinia genus plant and one of China's four famous southern medicinal herbs. Fruits of Alpinia oxyphylla often are commonly used in the treatment of diarrhea, Alzheimer's disease (AD), cancer, kidney disease, bone disease, and so on. In recent years, the pharmacological researches of fruits of Alpinia oxyphylla mainly forcus on the extracts and chemical constituents. In this paper, the studies of fruits of Alpinia oxyphylla on diarrhea, learning cognitive and neural protection, antiallergy effect, anti-cancer effects, nephropathy treatment, treatment of bone diseases and cell migration are reviewed. It provides the basis for the later research, development and application of fruits of Alpinia oxyphylla.