〔Abstract〕 Objective To analyze the intervention effect of prenatal health examination on birth defects before marriage and pregnancy. Methods A total of 200 pregnant couples admitted to Xiamen Jimei District Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2021 to December 2021 were randomly divided into observation group and control group, with 100 couples in each group. The couples in the control group did not take examination measures, and the couples in the observation group underwent pre-pregnancy health examination, and the cooperation between the two groups was compared and analyzed. Results The scores of genetic disease counseling, prevention of birth defects methods, perinatal health care and pregnancy health care and nutrition in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The incidence of birth defects was 1.00 % in the observation group and 7.00% in the control group, and the incidence of birth defects in the observation group was lower than that in the control group, with statistical significance (P < 0.05). Conclusion Premarital prenatal health examination has a good effect on the intervention of birth defects, which can improve the understanding of pregnancy knowledge and clinical intervention cooperation of expectant couples, and reduce the birth defects of newborns.