〔Abstract〕 Objective To explore the effect of matching care mode based on competent characteristic theory on early rehabilitation, neurological function and prognosis of patients after craniocerebral trauma. Methods 90 patients with craniocerebral trauma treated in Shangqiu First People's Hospital from May 2019 to May 2022 were selected as the research objects, and were randomly divided into a control group and an observation group, with 45 cases in each group. Patients in the control group were given routine nursing, and patients in the observation group were given matching care mode based on competent characteristic theory. The early recovery, neurological function and prognosis of patients in the two groups were compared after intervention. Results After intervention, Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score of the observation group was lower than that of the control group, and Barthel index score was higher than that of the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). After intervention, neurological function score of the observation group was lower than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The incidence of postoperative complications in the observation group was lower than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion Matching care mode intervention based on competent characteristic theory can promote the early recovery of patients after craniocerebral trauma, effectively improve the neurological function of patients, reduce the occurrence of postoperative complications, and improve the prognosis.