〔Abstract〕 Objective To investigate the risk factors of retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods A total of 38 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy and 60 patients with type 2 diabetes and non-diabetic retinopathy treated in Aoyang Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University from August 2019 to August 2021 were selected. Basic information and laboratory indicators of patients were collected. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of retinopathy in type 2 diabetic patients. Results The proportions of diabetes course > 10 years, abnormal fasting blood glucose (FPG), poor blood glucose control, helicobacter pylori positive, abnormal serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D 〔25(OH)VD〕 in type 2 diabetes with retinopathy group were higher than those in type 2 diabetes without retinopathy group, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the disease course > 10 years, helicobacter pylori positive, 25(OH)VD < 75 nmol·L-1 were risk factors for type 2 diabetes patients with retinopathy. Conclusion The occurrence of retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes is associated with the course of diabetes, helicobacter pylori infection, and low level of 25(OH)VD. And helicobacter pylori infection is a controllable factor. Radical treatment of helicobacter pylori should be given to patients with type 2 diabetes if necessary to reduce the risk of diabetic retinopathy.