〔Abstract〕 Objective To investigate the changes and significance of peripheral blood interleukin-17A, IL-35, and total immunoglobulin E (IgE) in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) before and after treatment. Methods 80 AD patients admitted to Chaozhou People's Hospital from July 2020 to June 2021 were selected as the study subjects. According to the European scoring criteria for atopic dermatitis (SCORAD), the patients were divided into the observation group 1 (44 cases of moderate AD) and the observation group 2 (36 cases of severe AD). In addition, 30 healthy individuals in the same period were selected as the control group. Collect three sets of blood samples from the elbow vein to measure serum IL-17A, IL-35 and total IgE levels, compare the differences in indicators, and analyze the correlation between the three indicators and SCORAD score. Treatment was performed on patients in Group 1 and Group 2 using a combination of desnide cream and moisturizing emollients. The efficacy of the two groups of patients was evaluated, and the changes in serum IL-17A, IL-35 and total IgE before and after treatment were compared and observed. Results Before treatment, the levels of IL-17A and total IgE in the observation group 1 and the observation group 2 were higher than those in the control group, while the levels of IL-35 was lower than that in the control group, and the differences between groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05). After treatment, the levels of IL-17A and total IgE were lower than those before treatment, while the levels of IL-35 was higher than that before treatment. After treatment, IL-17A and total IgE in the observation group 2 were higher than that in the observation group 1, while the levels of IL-35 was lower than that in the observation group 1, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that IL-17A was positively correlated with SCORAD score (r = 0.516, P < 0.001), IL-35 was negatively correlated with SCORAD score (r = -0.472, P < 0.001), and positively correlated with SCORAD score (r = 0.530, P < 0.001). The total effective rate of observation group 1 and observation group 2 was more than 90%, and there was no statistical significance between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion There is a correlation between the changes of the levels of IL-17A, IL-35, and total IgE in peripheral blood and the occurrence and severity of AD, which can provide a basis for clinical diagnosis and disease judgment of AD, as well as a reference for evaluating patient prognosis.