〔Abstract〕 Objective To compare the difference of urine flora distribution between female diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods Sixty-eight female T2DM patients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University from January 2021 to June 2022 were selected and divided into T2DM group and DPN group, with 34 cases in each group. Urine samples were collected from all patients for flora detection and comparison of flora distribution characteristics. The results of renal function and urine routine were detected and compared between the two groups. Results The course of T2DM, morbidity of hypertension and retinopathy, diabetic hemoglobin, uric acid, urinary protein quantity, urinary microalbumin/ urinary creatinine ratio (UACR) and relative abundance of mycoplasma in DPN group were higher than those in T2DM group, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The proportions of high-density lipoprotein, propionibacterium, Bdellovibrio, Lactobacillus, propionibacterium and Bdellovibrio were lower than those of T2DM group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the distribution of pathogenic bacteria in urine between 2 groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion The relative abundance of mycoplasma microflora in urine of female diabetic peripheral neuropathy patients was abnormally increased, while the relative abundance of other microflora was abnormally decreased.