〔Abstract〕 Objective To analyze the common influencing factors of gestational diabetes and their effects on the maternal and infant outcomes. Methods 117 pregnant women with gestational diabetes admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University from January 2020 to January 2022 were retrospectively set as the observation group, and 121 healthy pregnant women who underwent physical examination in the same period were selected as the control group. The general data of the two groups of pregnant women were compared, and the common influencing factors of gestational diabetes and the maternal and infant outcomes were analyzed. Results By single factor analysis, age, type of pregnant women, BMI before pregnancy, increase of body mass during pregnancy and family history of diabetes were all influencing factors of gestational diabetes (P < 0.05); Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the independent risk factors of gestational diabetes were age ≥ 35 years old, multiparous women, pregnancy precursor mass index (BMI) ≥ 24 kg·m-2, pregnancy weight increase ≥ 20 kg, and family history of diabetes (P < 0.05); The incidence of cesarean section, polyhydramnios, postpartum hemorrhage, premature delivery, macrosomia and fetal distress in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion The common influencing factors of gestational diabetes include age ≥ 35 years old, multipara, pre pregnancy BMI ≥ 24 kg·m-2, pregnancy weight increase ≥ 20 kg, and family history of diabetes. These factors can increase the risk of adverse maternal and infant outcomes.