〔Abstract〕 Objective To analyze the pathogen spectrum and epidemiological characteristics of bacterial infection of respiratory tract in children in different seasons in Xiamen city, and to provide evidence for early diagnosis and treatment, timely and effective prevention and control of children. Methods Sputum samples of children with respiratory tract infection were selected from Xiamen Children's Hospital from March 2020 to February 2021. The GraphPad Prism statistical software was used to calculate the detection situation of respiratory tract pathogens, and the detection situation of pathogens in different ages and seasons was observed. Results Among the 3517 sputum samples, pathogenic bacteria were cultured in 1177 cases, with a positive rate of 33.47 %. The detection rate of pathogenic bacteria from high to low were moraxella catarrata, streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, klebsiella pneumoniae, staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, escherichia coli and acinetobacter baumannii. The top three bacteria were 427 cases of moraxella catarrata (36.28 %), 354 cases of streptococcus pneumoniae (30.08 %) and 164 cases of haemophilus influenzae (13.93 %). The detection rate of streptococcus pneumoniae and moraxella catarrata was significantly higher than that of other pathogens. Infancy is the most common age for bacterial infections. The pathogenic bacteria spectrum showed seasonal distribution, high incidence in autumn and winter, and the infection decreased significantly in spring and summer. Conclusion Pathogenic bacteria spectrum of children respiratory tract bacterial infection in Xiamen were mainly moraxella catarrata, streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae. Among the children of different ages, the proportion of streptococcus pneumoniae infection was higher in the infant group and the preschool group. Infancy was the high incidence age of bacterial infection, and the number of moraxella catarrhal was the largest among all the positive bacteria. The incidence of moraxella catarrata and streptococcus pneumoniae in children was significantly higher in autumn and winter than in spring and summer. Therefore, the analysis of pathogenic bacteria spectrum and epidemic characteristics of children respiratory tract bacterial infection is of great significance for early diagnosis, treatment, monitoring and prevention of local children.