〔Abstract〕 Objective To evaluate the efficacy of sodium cantharidate and vitamin B6 injection as adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with lung cancer. Methods A total of 102 patients with lung cancer admitted to Anyang People's Hospital from May 2019 to January 2022 were selected and randomly divided into control group and observation group, with 51 cases in each group. The patients receiving conventional chemotherapy regimen were included in the control group, and the patients receiving sodium cantharidate and vitamin B6 injection assisted chemotherapy regimen were included in the observation group. The therapeutic effect, tumor markers, angiogenesis related indexes, immune function, adverse reactions and other indexes of the two groups were evaluated. Results The total effective rate of observation group was 74.51 % (38/51), higher than 54.90 % (28/51) of the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). After treatment, the levels of serum carcinoembryonic antigen, squamous cell carcinoma antigen and cytokeratin 19 fragment antigen 21-1 in the two groups were lower than those before treatment, and the levels of serum carcinoembryonic antigen, squamous cell carcinoma antigen and cytokeratin 19 fragment antigen 21-1 in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). After treatment, the levels of serum angiopoietin-2, vascular endothelial growth factor were lower than those before treatment, and after treatment the levels of serum angiopoietin-2, vascular endothelial growth factor in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was 9.80 % (5/51), lower than 25.49 % (13/51) in the control group , and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion In patients with lung cancer, sodium cantharidate and vitamin B6 injection assisted chemotherapy regimen can improve the therapeutic effect,improve the levels of tumor markers and vascular endothelial growth factor, and reduce the incidence of adverse reactions.