〔Abstract〕Isootope therapy and medical imaging technology are playing an increasingly important role in medical technology. Under this trend, radiotherapy drugs are more effective in clinical practice, and their application is becoming more and more widespread. But at the same time, it also needs to be aware that the application of radiation therapy drugs, in essence, will have a certain impact on the patients and the treatment staff, that is, the radiation impact. Iodine 131 is mainly applied in the treatment of some thyroid diseases, it has the obvious advantages and value of targeted treatment, and iodine 131 can also be used to mark a variety of compounds, in the clinical liver, bile, kidney and other organ disease diagnosis of application, and in order to make iodine 131 value and role in treatment is fully play, you need to pay attention to the application of radiation protection method. This study makes a systematic study and analysis on the research progress of radiation protection methods during iodine 131 treatment, aiming to improve the treatment effect and radiation protection effect of iodine 131.