〔Abstract〕 Microglia are an important part of nervous system immunity. Cerebral ischemia reperfusion (CIR) is one of the important mechanisms of aggravation of ischemic stroke injury. Microglia are closely related to inflammatory response in CIR. Under the influence of different factor pathways, microglia are activated and phenotypically converted into different subtypes of M1 and M2, which regulate micro ribonucleic acid. The expression of micro ribonucleic acid (miRNA)-139, miRNA-137, long non-coding ribonucleic acid (lncRNA)-U90926 gene fragment and other genes inhibits or activates NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3)/ cysteine aspartate proteolytic enzyme 1 (caspase-1) and Notch pathways. Thus, it can produce proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects, and constitute inflammatory response and participate in the bidirectional regulation of inflammatory repair in CIR.