〔Abstract〕 Objective To investigate the prevalence rate and related factors of dyslipidemia among the residents of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (referred to as the XPCC), and provide evidence for preventing dyslipidemia. Methods A multi-stage stratified random sampling survey was used to select permanent residents over 30 years old (residence time over 6 months) of the Fourth Division of the Corps. Finally, 4624 people were included in the survey. Questionnaire survey, physical examination and laboratory examination were conducted among them. And the influencing factors of dyslipidemia in the residents of the Fourth Division of the Corps were analyzed by multifactor logistic regression. Results The prevalence of dyslipidemia was 34.56 %, and the prevalence of dyslipidemia in males was significantly higher than that in females (39.97 % vs 26.29 %), and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The levels of total cholesterol (TC) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in women were higher than those in men, while the levels of triglyceride (TG) was lower in women than that in men, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The levels of TC, TG and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in men aged 30-50 years increased with increasing age, while the levels of TC and TG in men aged ≥ 50 years decreased with increasing age. The levels of TC, TG and LDL-C in women aged ≥ 30 years increased with increasing age. The prevalence of overweight and obesity, diabetes, hypertension and chronic kidney disease in dyslipidemia group were higher than those in the normal blood lipid group, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Gender (male), overweight and obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and chronic kidney disease were independent risk factors for dyslipidemia (P < 0.05). Conclusion High TG and low HDL-C were the main dyslipidemia in the residents of the Fourth Division of the Corps. Gender (male), overweight and obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and chronic kidney disease were the independent risk factors for dyslipidemia.