〔Abstract〕 Objective To study and analyze the effect of high-speed dental drill mechanical derotation technology and minimally invasive derotation technology in the treatment of dental caries. Methods 80 caries patients admitted to Henan University Saesi Dental Hospital from January 2019 to January 2020 were selected and divided into group A and group B according to random number table method, with 40 cases in each group. Patients in group A were treated with high-speed dental drill mechanical decomposing, and patients in group B were treated with minimally invasive decomposing. Patients in the two groups completed 3-month treatment intervention, and the clinical effect, pain degree, masticatory function and complications of patients in the two groups were observed and compared. Results After 3 months of treatment, the total effective rate of group B was 97.50%, higher than 82.50% of the group A, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). After 3 months of treatment, visual analogue scale (VAS) score in the group B was lower than that in the group A, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). After 3 months of treatment, scores of chewing efficiency in the group B were higher than those in the group A, with statistical significances (P < 0.05). The incidence of complications in group B was 2.50%, lower than 15.00% in the group A, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion In the treatment of patients with dental caries, both the high-speed dental drill mechanical decomposing technology and the minimally invasive decomposing technology have certain effects, but the minimally invasive decomposing technology has a more significant effect, which can effectively relieve the pain degree of patients, and the complication rate is lower, help to improve the masticatory function of patients.