〔Abstract〕 Objective To investigate the effect of cefuroxime sodium for injection in the prevention of infection after cesarean section in elderly parturient women. Methods A total of 68 elderly cesarean section women who were diagnosed and treated in Zhengzhou People's Hospital from January 2019 to February 2020 were selected and divided into a control group and an observation group according to the random number table method, with 34 cases in each group. The control group was treated with cefazolin sodium for injection after umbilical cord amputation, and the observation group was treated with cefuroxime sodium for injection after umbilical amputation. The incidence of postpartum infection, serum indexes [white blood cells (WBC), C-reactive protein (CRP),erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)] before and 3 d after operation, postpartum-related indicators (postpartum abnormal body temperature time, recovery time from exhaustion, incision healing time), and the occurrence of adverse reactions within 72 hours after administration were compared between the two groups. Results There was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative infection between the two groups (P > 0.05); The levels of WBC, CRP and ESR in the two groups at 3 days after the operation were higher than those before the operation, while the levels of WBC, CRP and ESR in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05); The postpartum body temperature abnormality time and incision healing time in the observation group were shorter than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was 2.94 %, which was lower than 23.53 % in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion Cefuroxime sodium for injection has good application effect in anti-infection after cesarean section in elderly women, can effectively improve serum indexes, promote postpartum recovery, and has high safety.