〔Abstract〕 Objective To investigate the effects of different temperature and humidity carbon dioxide on hemodynamics, intrapulmonary shunt rate and oxygenation index in patients with esophageal cancer undergoing thoracoscopy. Methods A total of 92 patients who underwent thoracoscopic radical resection of esophageal cancer in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanyang Medical College from March 2017 to September 2021 were selected for this study. The patients were divided into two groups by random number table method, with 46 patients in each group. Patients in both groups received thoracoscopic radical resection of esophageal cancer by the same group of medical staff. The control group received conventional carbon dioxide artificial pneumothorax, and the observation group received humidified carbon dioxide artificial pneumothorax with heating. The general operation conditions, hemodynamics, intrapulmonary diversion rate and oxygenation index were compared between the two groups. Results There was no significant difference in intraoperative blood loss, operation time and preoperative body temperature between the two groups (P > 0.05), and the postoperative body temperature of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). After operation, cardiac output, stroke output and mean arterial pressure in the control group increased significantly, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05), there was no statistically significant difference in cardiac output, stroke output and mean arterial pressure in the observation group before and after operation (P > 0.05). The oxygenation index in both groups increased significantly after operation compared with before operation, but the increase was greater in the observation group, and the pulmonary diversion rate in the two groups decreased significantly compared with before operation, but the decrease was more significant in the observation group, with statistical significance (P < 0.05). Conclusion Compared with conventional carbon dioxide artificial pneumothorax, thoracoscopic radical esophagectomy for patients with esophageal cancer can significantly reduce hemodynamic parameters fluctuation, stabilize postoperative body temperature, improve oxygenation index, and reduce the pulmonary fractional flow rate.