〔Abstract〕 Objective Study the clinical efficacy of ganglioside therapy in patients with acute cerebral infarction. Methods A total of 146 patients with acute cerebral infarction admitted to Luohe Second People's Hospital from August 2019 to August 2021 were selected and divided into an observation group (78 cases, treated with ganglioside combined with alteplase) and a control group (68 cases, treated with alteplase) according to different treatment methods. The clinical efficacy, neurological function at different periods and levels of inflammatory factors before and after treatment were compared between the two groups. Results The total effective rate of the observation group was 91.67%, higher than 80.00 % of the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). After treatment, whole blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, hematocrit value and red cell assembling index in the two groups were significantly decreased, and the whole blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, hematocrit value and red cell assembling index in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). After treatment, the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the two groups were significantly decreased, and the levels of CRP and TNF-α in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores of patients in both groups decreased significantly after 1 week and 2 weeks of treatment, while NIHSS scores of patients in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group after 1 week and 2 weeks of treatment, with statistical significances (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion Ganglioside combined with alteplase intravenous thrombolytic therapy is more beneficial to improve the neurological function and hemorheology index of patients with acute cerebral infarction, and can better inhibit the inflammatory response of patients compared with alteplase alone.