〔Abstract〕 Objective To explore the effects of Bufei Jianpi decoction combined with ambroxol on lung function and blood gas indexes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods 74 patients with COPD treated in Nanyang First People's Hospital from April 2018 to April 2019 were selected and divided into observation group and control group according to random number table method, with 37 cases in each group. The control group was treated with ambroxol on the basis of routine treatment, and the observation group was treated with Bufei Jianpi decoction on the basis of the control group. After 3 months of treatment, the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome score, lung function [forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), the ratio of forced expiratory volume in the first second to forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC)] and blood gas indexes [partial pressure of blood oxygen (PaO2) and partial pressure of arterial blood carbon dioxide (PaCO2)] were observed and compared of patients in the two groups. Results After treatment, the TCM syndrome score of the observation group was (8.67 ± 2.11), which was significantly lower than that of the control group (11.54 ± 2.13), the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). After treatment, the level of FVC in the observation group was (2.45 ± 0.13) L, the level of FEV1 was (1.78 ± 0.08) L, and the level of FEV1/FVC was (70.12 ± 5.09)%, which was significantly higher than that of the control group (2.23 ± 0.17) L, (1.34 ± 0.08) L 0.13) L and (62.08 ± 3.23)% (P < 0.05). After treatment, the PaO2 level of the observation group was (86.12 ± 1.78) mmHg, and the PaCO2 level was (41.03 ± 3.18) mmHg, compared with the control group (75.77 ± 1.65) mmHg and (53.52 ± 2.64) mmHg, the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The total effective rate of the observation group was 97.30%, compared with 81.08 % of the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion Bufei Jianpi decoction combined with ambroxol can effectively improve the clinical symptoms of COPD patients, reduce the TCM syndrome scores, improve the lung function and improve the blood gas index of patients.