〔Abstract〕 Objective To analyze the effect of mesalazine combined with bacillus subtilis viable enteric capsules in the treatment of patients with mild and moderate ulcerative colitis. Methods A total of 88 patients with mild and moderate ulcerative colitis treated in Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University from January to December 2019 were selected as the research objects, and they were randomly divided into control group and observation group, with 44 cases in each group.The single-drug regimen of mesalazine enteric-coated tablets was applied to the control group, and the observation group was treated with mesalazine combined with bacillus subtilis viable enteric capsules. The improvement of inflammation, quality of life, treatment effect, and adverse reactions between the two groups were compared. Results After treatment, the levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in the two groups were decreased to varying degrees, and the levels of IL-8, TNF-α and CRP in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). After treatment, the diabetes specific quality of life scale (DSQL) scores and adverse reactions of the observation group were lower than those of the control group, and the total effective rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). After treatment, the scores of pain and quality of life in the observation group were better than those in the control group, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). Conclusion Mesalazine combined with bacillus subtilis enteric-coated capsules can effectively relieve inflammation and improve the quality of life of patients with mild and moderate ulcerative colitis.