〔Abstract〕 Objective To investigate the effect of anlotinib hydrochloride capsule on advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Methods A total of 68 patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer admitted to the Third People's Hospital of Changsha from January 2019 to February 2020 were selected as the study subjects, they were divided into a control group and an observation group according to simple randomization method, with 34 cases in each group. The control group was treated with conventional chemotherapy, and the observation group was treated with anlotinib hydrochloride capsule. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), serum carcinoma embryonic antigen (CEA), time of disease progression or death, overall survival time, clinical efficacy and incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. Results Before treatment, there was no significant difference in VEGF and CEA levels between the two groups (P > 0.05); After treatment, VEGF and CEA levels in the two groups were decreased compared with those before treatment, and VEGF and CEA levels in the observation group was lower than those in the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05); The total remission rate in observation group was higher than that in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05); The incidence of adverse reactions in observation group was lower than that in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion Anlotinib hydrochloride capsule for the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer can effectively reduce the levels of VEGF and CEA in patients, prolong their progress-free survival time, and the incidence of adverse reactions is low.