〔Abstract〕 Objective To investigate the prevalence of suspected scoliosis among primary and middle school students in Shenzhen, and to provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of scoliosis. Methods The scoliosis survey was conducted among primary and middle school students from fourth grade of primary school and second grade of senior high school in Shenzhen from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020 by using census and stratified cluster random sampling method, and the scoliosis sampling survey was conducted among the students in third grade of senior high school students. The results were analyzed by epidemiology. Results A total of 969,235 students were screened in the survey. The prevalence of suspected scoliosis among primary and middle school students in Shenzhen was 5.01 %, and the prevalence of abnormal posture was 63.75 %. The prevalence of suspected scoliosis in girls was significantly higher than that of the boys (7.28 % vs. 3.15 %), as the grade increases, the prevalence of suspected scoliosis was on the rise, and the prevalence of suspected scoliosis among high school third-grade students was as high as 12.26 %. Conclusion Primary and middle school students in Shenzhen have serious spine health problems. Girls and senior students are at high risk for suspected scoliosis.