〔Abstract〕 Objective To explore the preventive effect of Chinese medicine prevention combined with modern prevention and control measures in the infection control of hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in children. Methods A total of 119 healthy infants admitted to the Third Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from May 2018 to March 2021 were selected and randomly divided into observation group (60 cases) and control group (59 cases). The control group adopted conventional preventive measures, and the observation group adopted traditional Chinese medicine prevention combined with modern prevention and control measures on the basis of the control group. The incidence of HFMD in the two groups of children, and their parents’ understanding of HFMD prevention knowledge were observed. Results The incidence of HFMD in the observation group was 3.33% significantly lower than 22.08 % of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05); The parents of the observation group had significantly higher scores on basic knowledge, transmission routes, and preventive measures of HFMD than those of the control group. The differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion In the prevention and control of HFMD, the comprehensive prevention and control strategy using traditional Chinese medicine prevention combined with modern preventive measures can achieve significant preventive effects