〔Abstract〕 Objective To investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine on inflammatory factors and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in burn sepsis associated encephalopathy (SAE) patients. Methods 116 burns SAE patients received treatment in Zhengzhou First People's Hospital from November 2017 to October 2020 were selected as the research objects, they were divided into a control group and an observation group based on different methods of treatment, with 58 cases in each group. The control group received burn intensive care unit care and treatment, the observation group used the dexmedetomidine injection treatment based on the control group. Serum NSE, Richmond sedation assessment scale (RASS) score, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and inflammatory factors levels were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. Results At 48 h and 96 h after treatment, RASS scores in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The serum NSE level in the observation group was lower than that in the control group at 3 d, 7 d and 14 d after treatment (P < 0.05). After treatment, the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). After treatment, NIHSS score of the observation group was lower than that of the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion Dexmedetomidine can significantly improve the clinical symptoms of burn SAE patients, provide sufficient analgesia and sedation, has a significant protective effect on the brain function of patients, and can significantly reduce systemic inflammation.