〔Abstract〕 Objective To evaluate the value of microsurgery combined with neuroendoscopy in the treatment of cystic brain tumors. Methods A total of 62 patients with cystic brain tumor admitted to Yongzhou Central Hospital from January 2019 to December 2019 were selected and divided into two groups by double-blind method, with 31 cases in the control group and 31 cases in the observation group. The control group received microsurgery, and the observation group received microsurgery combined with neuroendoscopy. The therapeutic effects of patients with cystic brain tumor of the two groups were compared. Results The postoperative recurrence rate of the observation group was 0.00 %, lower than 16.13 % of the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The incidence of complications (facial nerve function injury, trigeminal nerve injury, limb paralysis and abducens nerve injury) in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The operation time and hospital stay in the observation group were shorter than those in the control group, and the Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) scores at 4 and 8 weeks after operation were both higher than those in the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion Microsurgery combined with neuroendoscopy for cystic brain tumor can reduce postoperative recurrence rate, improve the incidence of complications and GOS score of patients.