〔Abstract〕 Objective To investigate the effect of intravitreal injection of ranibizumab on retinal functional development in children with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Methods A total of 106 children with ROP (212 eyes) admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from February 2019 to February 2021 were selected and divided into laser group (53 cases, 106 eyes) and ranibizumab group (53 cases, 106 eyes) according to the computer grouping method. The clinical efficacy and retinal function development of the two groups were observed. Results The total effective rate of ranibizumab group was 92.45%, which was higher than that of laser group (77.36%), and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). After treatment, the amplitude of cone b wave and rod B wave in the ranibizumab group was higher than that in the laser group, and the level of vascular endothelial growth factor A was lower than that in the laser group, with statistical significance (P < 0.05). After surgery, there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion Compared with laser surgery, vitreous injection of ranibizumab in the treatment of ROP can improve the clinical efficacy, more easily promote the development of retinal function in children, and has a high safety.