〔Abstract〕 Objective To study the effect of open tympanoplasty in the treatment of cholesteatoma otitis media. Methods A total of 100 patients with cholesteatoma otitis media were enrolled in this study, all of whom were admitted to Qiyang County People's Hospital from April 2020 to April 2021. They were randomly divided into observation group and control group, with 50 cases in each group. The control group received radical mastoidectomy, and the observation group received open tympanoplasty. The clinical efficacy, tympanum healing and dry ear conditions of the two groups were observed and compared. Results The total clinical effective rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05); The healing of eardrum and dry ear in the observation group were better than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion Open tympanoplasty has a significant effect on patients with cholesteatoma otitis media, which can relieve the patient's condition, help the patient's eardrum heal as soon as possible and improve patients' hearing.