〔Abstract〕 Objective To analyze the influence of tooth root development on the root and periodontal tissue of the impacted anterior teeth after orthodontic traction. Methods A total of 100 orthodontic patients admitted to Longyan First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University from January 2019 to January 2021 were selected, and the patients were divided into root development complete group (control group) and root incomplete group (observation group) according to their root development, each group had 50 cases. A 1-month follow-up was carried out after treatment to compare the root resorption grade of the impacted anterior teeth and the growth of periodontal tissue. Results Before orthodontics, because the root development of the observation group was not completed, the average root length was shorter than that of the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05); After orthodontics, the observation group continued to grow roots, and the average root length was longer than the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the thickness of the root canal wall between the two groups after orthodontics (P > 0.05). After 1-month of follow-up, the grade of root resorption of the observation group was better than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05); the adverse reaction rate of periodontal growth in the observation group was 8.00%, which was lower than 48.00% of the control group. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion In patients with incomplete root development, the roots and periodontal tissues of the impacted anterior teeth grow better after orthodontic traction, which helps to improve the quality of life of the patients and strengthen the prognosis.