〔Abstract〕Objective Ambroxol combined with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) ventilator were applied to treat infants with neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, and the clinical application effects was explored. Methods From March 2020 to March 2021, 50 children with neonatal respiratory distress syndrome who were admitted to Enping People’s Hospital were selected, and divided into group A (25 cases) and group B according to the computer serial number (25 cases). Group A was treated with conventional treatment, and group B was treated with ambroxol combined with CPAP ventilator. The clinical effects, clinical indicators, and the fraction of oxygen concentration (FiO2) in the inhaled air before and after treatment in the two groups of children were observed and compard. Results The total effective rate of clinical treatment of children in group A (92.00%) was significantly lower than that in group B (76.00%), and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The oxygen therapy time and hospital stay time of the children in group B were significantly shorter than those in group A, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in FiO2 between the two groups before treatment (P > 0.05); after treatment, the FiO2 in group B was significantly lower than that in group A, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion The use of ambroxol combined with CPAP ventilator to treat children with neonatal respiratory distress syndrome has a definite effect. It can effectively reduce FiO2, shorten the time of oxygen therapy and hospitalization, improve the treatment effect, and promote the recovery of children.