〔Abstract〕 Objective To explore the application value of color Doppler ultrasound combined with molybdenum target X-ray in the diagnosis of breast cancer. Methods Ninety breast cancer patients who were admitted to the Meternal and Child Health Hospital of Sanshui District, Foshan City from January 2018 to March 2020 were selected as the research subjects. The patients were diagnosed by ultrasound-guided puncture histopathological examination. Color Doppler ultrasound and molybdenum target X-ray were performed before operation. To compare the detection rates of color Doppler ultrasound and molybdenum target X-ray single and combined examinations for breast cancer, and to compare the imaging characteristics of breast cancer with color Doppler ultrasound and molybdenum target X-ray. Results The coincidence rate of breast cancer diagnosis of combined examination was higher than that of single examination of the two methods, and the rate of missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis were lower than that of single examination. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05); The detection rate of vascular signs and masses was higher than that of molybdenum target X-ray, and the detection rates swollen axillary lymph nodes, of microcalcifications were lower than those of molybdenum target X-ray. The differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion Color Doppler ultrasound and molybdenum target X-ray have their own advantages and disadvantages in the diagnosis of breast cancer. Combined examination can play a complementary role, improve the detection rate, and reduce misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis