〔Abstract〕 Objective To provide theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head in the future, we study the risk factors and epidemiology of osteonecrosis of the femoral head through investigation and correlation analysis of the patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head in Qingyuan People’s Hospital of Guangdong province. Methods Clinical data of 246 cases with osteonecrosis of the femoral head were retrospectively analyzed the risk factors from August 2012 to August 2016. Results A total of 246 patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head were analyzed, including 145 males (58.9%) and 101 females (41.1%). Among them, alcohol in 55 cases (22.4 %), trauma in 46 cases (18.7 %), hormones in 37 cases(15.0 %), dysplasia of hip joint in 24 cases (9.8 %), lumbar instability in 14 cases (5.7 %) , benign tumor in 5 cases (2.0 %) . ankylosing spondylitis in 2 cases (0.9 %) infectionin 1 case (0.4 %) , and unknown causes in 62 (25.2 %). Alcohol, trauma and hormones accounted for 56.0 among the pathogenic factors of osteonecrosis of the femoral head. The proportion was 69.5% of osteonecrosis of the femoral head in patients aged 40 to 70 years. Conclusion Alcohol is the main pathogenic factor of osteonecrosis of the femoral head in Qingyuan city, which provides theoretical basis for its prevention.