〔Abstract〕 Objective To evaluate the diagnostic role of hydrogen proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1 H-MRS) semi-quantitative technique in the evaluation of brain injury in neonates with hyperbilirubinemia. Methods 200 neonates withhyperbilirubinemia diagnosed in the First People's Hospital of Chenzhou from January 2018 to June 2020 were selected and included in this study, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plain scan detection, 1 H-MRS half Quantitative technology detection, study the measurement results of clinical indicators of neonates with and without changes in globus pallidus, and the resultsof 1 H-MRS diagnostic indicators, and count the diagnosis results of neonatal brain damage by various detection Methods. Results There was no significant difference in the total bilirubin level of newborns with changes in globus pallidus and those with no change in globus pallidus (P > 0.05); the ratio of total bilirubin to albumin and the level of S100B protein in newborns with change in globus pallidus were higher than those of pale The neonates with no change in the ball, and the neonatal behavioral neurometry (NBNA) score was lower than that of the neonates with no change in the globus pallidus, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Neonatal choline (Cho)/creatine (Cr), Cr/N-acetylaspartic acid (NAA) with changes in globus pallidus are higher than neonates with no change in globus pallidus, and NAA/Cr lower than neonates with no change in globus pallidus , The differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Taking clinical diagnosis results as the gold standard, MRI, NBNA scores, 1 H-MRS, and S100B protein levels diagnosed the proportion of neonates with brain injury compared with clinical diagnosis, and the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Conclusion Adopting 1 H-MRS semi-quantitative technique and MRI technique for neonates with hyperbilirubinemia is helpful for early assessment of their brain injury.