〔Abstract〕 Objective To explore the clinical effect of Huangqi Jianzhong Decoction on peptic ulcer. Methods 126 patients with peptic ulcer with spleen stomach deficiency cold syndrome treated in Yucheng County Hospital of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) from January 2018 to June 2019 were divided into observation group and control group by digital random table method, with 63 cases in each group. The control group was treated with conventional western medicine, and the observation group was treated with Huangqi Jianzhong Decoction. The curative effects and TCM symptom scores before and after treatment were compared between the two groups. Results The total effective rate of the observation group was 96.83%, which was higher than 85.71% of the control group (P < 0.05); There was no significant difference in TCM symptom scores between the two groups before treatment (P > 0.05). After treatment, the TCM symptom scores of the two groups decreased in varying degrees, and the decrease in the observation group was greater than that in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion The addition and subtraction of Huangqi Jianzhong Decoction in the treatment of peptic ulcer with spleen stomach deficiency cold syndrome has significant curative effect, which can effectively improve the score of TCM symptoms and improve the clinical treatment effect.